No/Low grade complications

High grade complications

p value

Total number

31

13

Age (years)

64.8 ± 9.1

66.3 ± 7.3

NS^*

Sex M:F

18:13

6:7

NS^*

Stage IA

17

7

NS^*

Stage IB

8

5

NS^*

Stage IIA

2

1

NS^*

Stage IIB

3

0

NS^*

Stage IIIA

1

0

NS^*

Chest tube duration (days)

3.2 ± 2.1

8.4 ± 4.4

p < 0.01

Length of stay (days)

4.3 ± 2.4

9.7 ± 6.1

p < 0.01